Mongolia is home to a wide variety of ethnic groups and 3. 1 million (Dec 2018) population. 64.9% of the population is under 35, 30% of whom are under 18 years of old, 6.0% of the population is above 60 years of old! The number of newborns is growing very quickly (Baby Boom). The government has a pro-nativist policy to increase the population.